REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

A. Defenition of direct indirect speech

Direct Changes Indirect Speech or also known as Reported speech. Direct speech is a sentence uttered by a speaker directly in writing accompanied by aphostrof marks at the beginning and end of his sentence as text dialogue or conversation. Example:

• Andi told me: "you are the one who I love"
• Andi says to me: "you are the one I love very much"

While Indirect speech is a sentence that describes the words of others or himself indirectly (not exactly what it says when spoken). As if we change the example sentence above, the indirect speech can be:

• Andi told me that I was the one she loved.
• Andi says to me that I am the one he love so much

Both direct and indirect speech sentence consists of two elements namely the main clause and the clause. Parent sentences (introduce phrase) is as red, while clause (reported words) is blue.

B. Rule Changes Of Direct Indirect Speech

Students are often confused with the sentence changes from direct speech into indirect speech in terms of changing tenses, subject and object of place and time. The following amendments:

1. tenses.

Changes tenses below occur if the Master requires a form Past tense, while if the parent sentence in the present tense, as above, then nothing changes.

NO	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Simple Present	Simple Past
2	Present Continuous	Past Continuous
3	Present Perfect	Past Perfect
4	Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
5	Simple Past	Past Perfect
6	Past Continuous	Past Continuous
7	Past Perfect	Past Perfect
8	Past Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
9	Simple Future	Past Future
10	Future Continuous	Past Future Continuous
11	Future Perfect	Past Future Perfect
12	Future Perfect Continuous	Past Future Perfect Continuous

2. Description of time and place.

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Now	Then
2	Tomorrow	The following day
3	Yesterday	The day before
4	Next week	The following week
5	Tonight/today	That night/that day
6	Here	There
7	This	That
8	these	Those

3. Based on the form of Sentences

The basic shape of the sentence also affects the sentence changes from direct to indirect speech. The basic shape of the sentence in question is:

1. Statement (statement)

In Indirect Statement, we use the word "that" (that) as a liaison between the introductory sentence / main clause (introduce phrase) and the words reported / clause (reported words). The word is commonly used not only of toll and said only, but can also use: Accused, admitted, advised, alleged, Agreed, begged, boasted, Complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, Replied, suggested, etc. Example:

•       He suggested: you should come to the party.

                He suggested I should come to the party.

•       Andi of toll me: "I invite you to come to my party tonight"

               Andi of toll me that he invited me to come to his party that night

•       My sister said to me: "Papa warned me last night"

               My sister said to me that papa had warned her the night before.

2. Command (command)

Command means ordered to do or not do (prohibit) the words do not (do not). Told to do, is be positive, while negative forbid (do not use).

• Positive

In order to add to our positive at the front of the sentence ordered, as a liaison between the main clause and the clause in the form of imperative sentences.

Example:

• He asked me: "Open your book"

         He asked me to open my book.

• Garet aksed me: "stop talking to Janet".

         Gareth asked me to stop talking to Janet.

• Negative

In negative commands we add not to in front of the command reported.

Example:

• Mary of toll John: "Do not wait for me '

          Mary of toll John not to wait for her.

• Father said to my sister: "do not go alone in the middle of the night.

          Father asked to my sister not to go alone in the middle of the night.

3. Question (question)

Sentence questions are divided into two categories:

Questions using question words (what, where, when, who, why, how), then the question word tersebulah that the link between the parent and the parent sentence.

Example:

• He asked me: "How will you go there”

          He asked me how I would go there

Questions that do not use the word in the form of a question and answer yes or no.

Example:

• The teacher asked her: "Have you finished your homework?"

          The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.

Sumber :

• http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-perubahan-rumus-direct-indirect-speech-dan-contoh-kalimat/

ELLIPTICAL SENTENCE

ELLIPTICAL SENTENCE

Elliptical sentence or what is often called the ellipsis or construction is combining the two sentences that have the same elements with the aim to create complex sentences and eliminate repetition of words that are not necessary.

There are two types of merger or elliptical sentence construction that is known today.

1. Merger equivalent Elliptical Sentence

Elliptical constuction with similar types of incorporation using the conjunction "and". Elliptica type of construction which one is divided into two types:

• Positive elliptics, which use the word too and so.

Type positive elliptics merger occurs when two sentences are combined is positive. Example:

• I go to school this morning

• He goes to school this morning

Both sentences above can be combined into:

I go to school this morning, and so does he, or I go to school this morning and he does too

Another example of the positive elliptics are:

• I like my coffee sweet and black

• Rio like his coffee sweet and black

Both of the above sentence could be combined into:

I like my coffee sweet and black, and so is Rio or I like my coffee sweet and black, and Rio is too

• Negative elliptics, which uses the word either and Neither.

Elliptics negative type used when merging the two sentences that combined a negative sentence. Example:

• I do not like coffee

• Susi does not like coffee        

Both of the above sentence could be combined into:

I do not like coffee and Neither does Susi or I do not like coffee and Susi does not either

Other examples:

• He does not go to school

• She does not go to school

Both of the above sentence could be combined into:

He does not go to school and Neither does she or he does not go to school and she does not either

2. Merging the opposite Elliptical Sentence

Elliptical construction opposite type used when merging two sentences that will be combined to have the opposite properties or when one sentence is a positive sentence and another sentence is negative sentences. In this sentence merging models, used conjunctions but and while.

Example:

• I like coffee

• Rio do not like coffee

Both of the above sentence could be combined into:

I like coffee but Rio do not or I like coffee, while Rio do not

Other examples:

• The CEO is estactic about the upcoming project

• The employee does not seem estactic about the upcoming project

Both of the above sentence could be combined into:

The CEO is estactic about the upcoming project but the employee does not or the employee does not seem estactic about the upcoming project while the CEO is.

sumber :
http://freeenglishcourse.info/elliptical-sentence-pengertian-contoh-bahasa-inggris/ 

MY PLAN

MY PLAN

When we talking about planning, I bet everyone has a lot plan in their future life and so do I. And in this time I will tell you about one of my plan this year. I have a plan to follow the tax course. In this course we will learn more about tax, it’s name is “Brevet ABC course. As a person who got interest in thing should take this lesson  if they want  to be the tax expert, and it will give u such as certificated  that can very useful when u are looking for a job in future, why?? Because when u success in this course But my problem here is cost of this course isn’t cheap for me as a student who didn’t have a job T.T so I have to saving money as much as I can, even if it will take a long time (my risk) :D , but as if it still isn’t enough the final ways I have to ask my parent to help me to pay this course .. XD (sorry mom)

The second problem is about ‘time’’…. why??? Because I’m almost in 4th grade’s student in university so I have a lot of task to do, so I think I can’t take all in the same time. I don’t want to take a risk because I still bad in time management so I make decision to finishing my campus’s task before I take this course. After all my task finish I should take it as soon as possible.  I should fight for this one because i want it so badly T.T (oh My God help me please... Amin)

so, I hope for the next time I will find the right time to take this course without causes problem for other thing, and  the big hope my money already enough to pay it :D  so one of my plan list in this year will be come true.. (my big hope for this year)