REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

A. Defenition of direct indirect speech

Direct Changes Indirect Speech or also known as Reported speech. Direct speech is a sentence uttered by a speaker directly in writing accompanied by aphostrof marks at the beginning and end of his sentence as text dialogue or conversation. Example:

• Andi told me: "you are the one who I love"
• Andi says to me: "you are the one I love very much"

While Indirect speech is a sentence that describes the words of others or himself indirectly (not exactly what it says when spoken). As if we change the example sentence above, the indirect speech can be:

• Andi told me that I was the one she loved.
• Andi says to me that I am the one he love so much

Both direct and indirect speech sentence consists of two elements namely the main clause and the clause. Parent sentences (introduce phrase) is as red, while clause (reported words) is blue.

B. Rule Changes Of Direct Indirect Speech

Students are often confused with the sentence changes from direct speech into indirect speech in terms of changing tenses, subject and object of place and time. The following amendments:

1. tenses.

Changes tenses below occur if the Master requires a form Past tense, while if the parent sentence in the present tense, as above, then nothing changes.

NO	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Simple Present	Simple Past
2	Present Continuous	Past Continuous
3	Present Perfect	Past Perfect
4	Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
5	Simple Past	Past Perfect
6	Past Continuous	Past Continuous
7	Past Perfect	Past Perfect
8	Past Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
9	Simple Future	Past Future
10	Future Continuous	Past Future Continuous
11	Future Perfect	Past Future Perfect
12	Future Perfect Continuous	Past Future Perfect Continuous

2. Description of time and place.

No	DIRECT	INDIRECT
1	Now	Then
2	Tomorrow	The following day
3	Yesterday	The day before
4	Next week	The following week
5	Tonight/today	That night/that day
6	Here	There
7	This	That
8	these	Those

3. Based on the form of Sentences

The basic shape of the sentence also affects the sentence changes from direct to indirect speech. The basic shape of the sentence in question is:

1. Statement (statement)

In Indirect Statement, we use the word "that" (that) as a liaison between the introductory sentence / main clause (introduce phrase) and the words reported / clause (reported words). The word is commonly used not only of toll and said only, but can also use: Accused, admitted, advised, alleged, Agreed, begged, boasted, Complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, Replied, suggested, etc. Example:

•       He suggested: you should come to the party.

                He suggested I should come to the party.

•       Andi of toll me: "I invite you to come to my party tonight"

               Andi of toll me that he invited me to come to his party that night

•       My sister said to me: "Papa warned me last night"

               My sister said to me that papa had warned her the night before.

2. Command (command)

Command means ordered to do or not do (prohibit) the words do not (do not). Told to do, is be positive, while negative forbid (do not use).

• Positive

In order to add to our positive at the front of the sentence ordered, as a liaison between the main clause and the clause in the form of imperative sentences.

Example:

• He asked me: "Open your book"

         He asked me to open my book.

• Garet aksed me: "stop talking to Janet".

         Gareth asked me to stop talking to Janet.

• Negative

In negative commands we add not to in front of the command reported.

Example:

• Mary of toll John: "Do not wait for me '

          Mary of toll John not to wait for her.

• Father said to my sister: "do not go alone in the middle of the night.

          Father asked to my sister not to go alone in the middle of the night.

3. Question (question)

Sentence questions are divided into two categories:

Questions using question words (what, where, when, who, why, how), then the question word tersebulah that the link between the parent and the parent sentence.

Example:

• He asked me: "How will you go there”

          He asked me how I would go there

Questions that do not use the word in the form of a question and answer yes or no.

Example:

• The teacher asked her: "Have you finished your homework?"

          The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.

Sumber :

• http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-perubahan-rumus-direct-indirect-speech-dan-contoh-kalimat/